The project for the execution of the Auxílio Emergencial (Emergency aid), created by Law No. 13,982, of 2 April 2020, with the objective of guaranteeing minimum income to Brazilians in a vulnerable situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowed more than 100 million people to be assisted by public policy in a timely manner.

In 2020, the Polish government introduced a new form of support for Polish families and the tourism industry due to the difficult economic situation caused by the COVID-19 epidemic. This was the Polish Tourist Voucher, a benefit of 500 złoty (PLN) for each child and an additional PLN 500 for a disabled child. The electronic voucher is intended to finance hotel services or tourist events in Poland.

In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Executive Office (Poder Ejecutivo Nacional – PEN) created, by Decree 310/2020, the Emergency Family Income (Ingreso Familiar de Emergencia − IFE), a non-contributory benefit of an exceptional nature. The recipients are households composed of casual workers, unemployed people, workers in private homes and those taxed under the regime for small taxpayers from the lowest categories.

France has set up a public service for the financial intermediation of maintenance allowances managed by the Agency for the Recovery of Unpaid Alimonies (Agence de recouvrement et d’intermédiation des pensions alimentaires – ARIPA), also referred to as the “Public Service for maintenance allowances” (Service public des pensions alimentaires), which includes Family benefits funds (Caisses d’allocations familiales – CAF) and Agricultural social mutual funds (Caisses de mutualité sociale agricole – MSA).

Malta has not been spared the health, economic and social effects and challenges posed by COVID-19 over most of 2020 and 2021.

The well-being of the population was understandably given top priority through restrictive and containment measures to control the spread of the virus. The programme was strongly supported by the population largely resulting in a relatively low number of infections and deaths.

The pandemic created significant social pressure in terms of access to pension and health services in Peru. Faced with this situation, 47 years after the creation of the National Pension System (Sistema Nacional de Pensiones – SNP), the Pension Standardization Office (Oficina de Normalización Previsional – ONP) has been pushing to change and improve regulations, in order to make the conditions more flexible and extend social security coverage.

Given the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, Belgium’s federal crisis centre needed real-time information on its social and economic consequences for the population, particularly for vulnerable groups.

To this end, the Federal Public Service for Social Security (Service public fédéral Sécurité sociale – FPS), the FPS Employment, and the Public Planning Service (PPS) Social Integration, were requested to take an initiative to meet this monitoring need as soon as possible.

Expanding its services from assisting up to 1,200 jobseekers with employment injuries or illnesses annually in 2008, Social Security Organization (SOCSO) now delivers employment services to all categories of job seekers in Malaysia through the establishment of the MYFutureJobs National Employment Services, a framework similar to the Public Employment Services defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).

Argentina’s Superintendency of Health Services (Superintendencia de Servicios de Salud – SSSalud) ensures that citizens can freely exercise their right to switch between social security organizations. This system has been in place since 1998.

COVID-19 caused a crisis with economic and employment shocks, which led to increased unemployment and the self-employed shutting down businesses. With prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase in the number of citizens (subscribers), who struggled to make payments on national pension premiums.

The National Pension Service (NPS) of the Republic of Korea made efforts to overcome the COVID-19 crisis by alleviating financial burden by temporarily waiving premium payments and payments of arrears.

The Family Benefit Funds (Caisses dallocations familiales – CAF) offer the possibility to carry out most of their procedures in digital format. Aware that the access to online administrative procedures is uneven depending on the audience, the CAF has implemented various actions to promote the digital inclusion of people.

The electronic personal loan allocation system is a programme designed to improve access, transparency and fairness in how this benefit is granted. It replaced the conventional system that was based on the delivery of supervised application forms to trade union organisations for distribution among workers.

In response to COVID-19 pandemic, the Social Security Corporation (SSC) of Jordan launched the Sustainability Programme (Istidama) in accordance with the Defence Law, issued by the government in 2020, represented by a package of procedures, aimed at securing workers in the activities and sectors most affected; providing temporary income that enables them to meet their living requirements because of the decrease in their wages.

In March 2020, the coronavirus pandemic broke out in Israel.

What began as a health crisis soon turned into an economic crisis, which led many workers to go on forced unpaid leave and went to the National Insurance Institute (NII) for assistance. There was a need to find creative solutions within the limits of the law and the data available to the NII, and to find workable and quick solutions that would allow the payment of unemployment benefits to unpaid workers.

The COVID-19 pandemic was one of the largest threats to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The lockdown was about to force employers to terminate their employees because of the inability to pay their wages. The General Organization for Social Insurance (GOSI) of Saudi Arabia was quick and agile in submitting to the legislators a recommendation by which employers are not required to pay wages of employees, employees can keep their jobs and the unemployment insurance (SANED) would compensate those employees.

The Yuyaq, Casa del Pensionista is a support programme that contributes to the healthy, productive and dignified ageing of older people at the national level; it is focused on pensioners and run by the Pension Standardization Office (Oficina de Normalización Previsional – ONP) of Peru. The programme is based on five strategies:

Health is a fundamental right in Colombia. However, there are certain segments of the population that because they live in geographically remote regions, have difficulties accessing health services in areas such as prevention, treatment and sourcing quality medicines. In general, the country’s health and medicine-dispensation services are located in the municipal capitals, which can be hard for rural dwellers to reach.

According to Stanislaw Jerzy Lec, “Youth is the gift of nature, but age is a work of art”.

The Law on Social Services establishes that the Agency for Sustainable and Operational Social Security (DOST), hereafter referred to as the Agency, provides home-based social services to elderly people living alone without close relatives and legal representatives. Through home-based social services, social caretakers help elderlies with household routines, cleaning, grocery and medicine shopping, payments etc.

To help refugee families integrate and facilitate their access to services while breaking down cultural barriers, a series of videos, including testimonials, have been produced on pre-school childcare facilities, out-of-school facilities for schoolchildren, socio-cultural centres and parental support.

For more than 18 years, the COLSUBSIDIO - Colombian Family Allowances Fund (COLSUBSIDIO - Caja Colombiana de Subsidio Familiar) has been running educational and cultural programmes to support the comprehensive development of children and young people in rural and urban areas, helping to close social gaps.

The proper disposal of syringes and insulin needles is a matter that should be given thought in the field of public health. Among other reasons, it prevents the reuse of such materials, avoiding accidental pricks for family members and waste collection workers and helping to protect the environment.

Needles can cause injury. In addition, they carry bodily fluids.

Used needles can transmit infections and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as Hepatitis B and C.

Sharps must be collected in waterproof, rigid and puncture-proof containers.

The Colombian Pension Administrator (Administradora Colombiana de Pensiones – Colpensiones) created a well-being model as part of its “value-added services” macro-process value chain. This model promotes a range of actions aimed at pensioners and beneficiaries of the Periodic Financial Benefits (Beneficios Económicos Periódicos – BEPS) programme, with a view to improving their well-being and quality of life. The model launched in 2019 with a portfolio of 12 products and programmes to be implemented.

The Colombian Pension Administrator (Administradora Colombiana de

In December 2018, the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación – SCJN) of Mexico determined that it was unconstitutional for employers to not be required to register domestic workers (DWs) with the Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social – IMSS).

In recent years, Central Provident Fund Board (CPFB), Ministry of Manpower, Singapore, has focused its efforts on redefining its relationship with citizens – from one where citizens see us as just a public service provider, to one where we are regarded as their Trusted Partner.

The effect of climate change is already a measurable reality posing significant social, economic, and environmental risks globally. For a developing country like South Africa, the risks associated with climate change are exacerbated by high levels of poverty, inequality and unemployment. The World Bank’s Climate Risk Country Profile for South Africa (2021) states that climate change is expected to increase the risk and severity of water scarcity and drought across South Africa.

The Local Authorities Pension Trust (LAPT) actively seeks to create sustainable value through our business activities – for our customers, employees, shareholders and society. We have embraced sustainability as a value that motivates and inspires our business undertakings. It is owing to this reason that LAPT signed up to the United Nations (UN) Global Compact initiative, a call to companies to align strategies and operations with universal principles on human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption, and take actions that advance societal goals.

Myanmar’s Social Security Board (SSB) has been struggling with its capacity shortage and unsatisfactory service to clients for a long time. As a result, the rate of increase in the number of insured is small if compared to neighbouring countries. Tracking only in the old ways leaves no room for development. SSB itself realizes some reforms should be implemented promptly to have some progress. The streamlining of the process for the Employment Injury Insurance (EII) is one of SSB’s administrative reforms.

In 2018, the Department of Social Services Education at Argentina’s Mutual Association for the Protection of the Family (Asociación Mutual de Protección Familiar – AMPF) began to develop a series of workshop materials with a view to arming psychologists and social work professionals with resources to deal with the issue of gender and raise awareness in this area.

Training materials for use in the workshops have been circulated to the AMPF’s various branches across Argentina.

In 2008, the French authorities created the legal status of “auto-entrepreneur” (small-scale sole trader) with a view to simplifying and promoting free enterprise within an ultra-streamlined fiscal and social security framework.

In Colombia, 47.9 per cent of workers are employed informally and almost half of them earn less than the minimum wage, which is an obstacle to them making social security contributions. The national government has focussed on the Orange Economy, in which workers in the creative industries generate income based on intellectual property. Incomes, however, are predominantly low and employment is occasional, making this a vulnerable sector.

The National register of support providers (Registro Nacional de Obligados
Alimentarios - RENOA) receives, stores and manages information on all support contributions determined by Family Courts in Uruguay within the framework of Act 19480, the beneficiaries of which are children, adolescents and incapacitated adults.

The register enables continuity of service in the payment of statutory contributions, in that it:

Among the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, the Republic of Korea is the fastest ageing country, making preparing for retirement a serious social issue. The government has named baby boomers, which account for 14.6 per cent of the total population, “the new middle-aged” and is providing and implementing social measures for them.

The growth of domestic work in private homes, a sector responsible for the creation of many jobs, is a significant economic development that meets some of life’s most basic needs child care, elder care or more vulnerable group (particularly those in situations of dependency, disability or illness), helping people to grow old in their own homes, and even reconciling one’s family life and professional life.

The Brazilian social security system is composed of three schemes: The General Social Security Scheme (Regime Geral de Previdência Social – RGPS), the Own Social Security Scheme (Regime Próprio de Previdência Social – RPPS), and the Complementary Pension Scheme (Regime de Previdência Complementar – RPC).

Malaysia, which prioritises the welfare of its people, provides various benefits and assistance to the citizens through government and non-governmental organisations. Despite this, poverty still exists and the high cost of living is a burden to the B40 group – the bottom 40 per cent of households with monthly income of 3,900 Malaysian Ringgit (MYR) and below.

In Peru, 10.4 per cent of the population has a disability. It is estimated that only 33 per cent of persons with disabilities of working age participate in the labour market, given that educational level and job training are key factors for access to employment. With this in mind, the EsSalud - Social Health Insurance Institute (EsSalud - Seguro Social de Salud) of Peru established the Vocational Rehabilitation Centres (Centros de Rehabilitación Profesional – CERPS) for persons with disabilities over 14 years of age.

Among its peers, the Pension Fund of Morocco (Caisse marocaine des retraites – CMR) is innovating with the implementation of this good practice. In this respect, it is the only social security institution amongst the Moroccan Pension Funds and Insurance Companies to undergo certification, for the long term, of its internal process for social security fund investment to ensure maximum transparency and commitment in the exercise of this activity, with the aim of obtaining a label of excellence accredited by independent certifying offices.

The Social Security Regulatory Authority (SSRA) in Tanzania, was established under section 5 of the Social Security (Regulatory Authority) Act No.5 of 2008. Among other things, the Authority has powers to regulate and supervise the Tanzania Social Security Sector. The Authority regulates Five DB Schemes namely; NSSF, PSPF, LAPF, GEPF and PPF, it also regulate one Workers Compensation Fund (WCF) and one health Fund (NHIF). The Social Security Schemes have Regional and Zonal Offices across the Country.

Believing in the importance of research, the General Organization for Social Insurance (GOSI) of Saudi Arabia launched a project to establish a framework for research policy and identify research priorities.

Unemployment, informal employment and low pension coverage have been recurrent problems in Colombia. According to a study carried out in 2023 by Colombia’s National Statistics Institute (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística – DANE, 2023), some 57.9 per cent of the country’s population is in informal employment, and a little over half of these people earn less than the minimum wage.

In 2008 the Mexican Social Security Institute (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social – IMSS) created the Model of Competitiveness, Effectiveness and Institutional Results (Modelo de Competitividad, Efectividad y Resultados Institucionales – MOCERI) to encourage the implementation of quality practices, allowing it to have a useful instrument for the exchange of experiences and successful practices. From 2014 onwards, the MOCERI evolved into the Institutional Model for Competitiveness (MC), which incorporated national and international management tools.

Therefore this tool will encourage the management of organizations, especially small and medium sized enterprises, to allocate resources in OHS prevention. The costs of the lack of safety in Italian enterprises are very high (some 47 billion euros), a big part of these costs are paid by firms. Therefore some organizations do not know the real costs behind accidents and ill-health that they have to bear in terms of loss of work time and money. This is especially true for many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) where the culture of safety is not so deeply understood.

Investment through public/private partnerships is a method of funding where a public authority relies on private providers to finance, build/install or even manage equipment or infrastructure. The National Social Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de prévoyance sociale (CNPS)) of Cameroon, with its policy of prudent management of financial resources and of limiting management risks, opted for this type of funding because, while contributing practically no money at all, the CNPS of Cameroon will, over time acquire assets under certain predetermined conditions.

The PRO.CRE.AR. Fund was created in 2012 to address the housing needs of citizens, taking into account the different family socio-economic conditions. The State has taken two approaches: housing construction projects and public resource mobilization into a mortgage loan programme.

Through this Programme, economic activity is also boosted thanks to the housing construction incentive, which benefits the economy as a whole, not only in terms of production, but also employment and domestic consumption.

This system is used by economic agents to submit online declarations concerning the calculation and use of the social insurance contributions as well as the individual social insurance declarations. It also allows them to receive confirmation of acceptance of the submissions by the National Office of Social Insurance (NOSI), using minimal resources, both financial and human.

A series of reforms has been implemented since 2008 to bring the National Social Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de prévoyance sociale (CNPS)) of Cameroon up to international standards in an effort to incorporate the best management practices of social security organizations, with a view to guaranteeing not only the sustainability of the Fund, but also rigorous, efficient and exemplary management in all respects. To ensure this and guarantee a high level of performance over the long-term, it has been necessary to train the organization's managers in the professions

By Decree No. 246/11, in December 2011, the national Government implemented a credit programme for retirees and pensioners called ARGENTA. This allows seniors to obtain loans that are repaid in 12, 24 or 40 instalments at the lowest market rates: the Total Annual Effective Financial Cost ranges from 31 to 35 per cent according to the number of instalments.

In 2012, the Social Benefits Department of Costa Rica’s Pension and Retirement Board of the National Teachers’ Union (Junta de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional – JUPEMA) created a training guide entitled “A guide to ageing, well-being and awareness through a rights-based approach”. This gave rise to a school awareness programme that has been promoted in different provinces of the country, with the aim of creating a space for participation and community work.

Due to the transformation of thousands of contributors to beneficiaries who receive cash benefits and pensions, unemployment among recent graduates from universities, and the large geographical area of Libya, it has therefore become essential for the Social Security Fund (SSF, hereafter the Fund) to establish new service facilities in order to provide services, deploy and utilize the youth, reduce the gap between contributors and insured persons, as well as motivate all sectors to produce decent jobs for young people.

The principal role of the Fund, as with other fully-funded provident funds, is to accumulate benefits for retirement. In the case of the FNPF, an option to receive a pension was introduced in 1975 on a basis which was quite clearly not sustainable, and hence was going to require significant subsidy from active members. By 2011 the scale of the problem was such that drastic reform became essential. The decision in 1975 to offer retiring members a pension from attainment of age 55 commenced with the provision of 25 per cent for a sole pension, and 16.7 per cent for a joint pension.

A fundamental principle of the network's financial education programme is that the information provided must be independent. The network runs several horizontal projects directed at clearly defined target groups.

Persisting in strengthening the Libyan Social Security Fund (SSF)’s financial position and achieving financial sustainability is our duty. The implementation of our mission is to fulfill the rights of the insured persons in a way that protects the dignity of Libyans and makes them feel satisfied with our services while preserving economic stability and social security, reaching our goal of activating institutional performance and developing work methods according to the use of institutional excellence practices.

The Universal Child Allowance (Asignación Universal por Hijo (AUH)) for Social Protection was adopted by Decree 1602/09. It is a monthly non-contributory allowance, payable for each child under age 18 (no age limit in the case of a disabled child), up to five children.

Beneficiaries are those family groups that, besides not receiving any other benefit, are unemployed or workers registered as single tax payers/microentrepeneurs ("monotributistas"), or working in the informal labour market or in domestic service, and who earn less than the minimum wage.

Financial performance certification is a commitment by the Pension Fund of Morocco (Caisse marocaine des retraites (CMR)) since 2009 concerning its governing bodies. This practice is part of the management reserve fund's modernization (FDR: fonds de réserve) scheme.

In fact, the CMR opted, without regulatory constraint, for the performance certification of the various pension plan portfolios it manages. It is an annual total portfolio and asset class financial performance audit by an independent expert.

This leads to increased demands for skills, both on pensions and financial savings. Many lack the knowledge today. They could thus end up with a lower pension than they would have with more knowledge.

The good practice is the training that the Swedish Pensions Agency (Pensionsmyndigheten) provides to partners. The Swedish Pensions Agency offers a free two-day training course for union representatives, who in their turn inform about pensions at their respective workplace.

This is a cost effective way to disseminate information to many workplaces around the country.

Our approach, that is based on the COSO framework, commences with determining the business objectives and the Fund's risk appetite, identification of events that may hinder the Fund from achieving its objectives, evaluation of the magnitude and likelihood of crystallization of risk events, considering the extent to which we already have controls in place to mitigate or capitalise on these risks, deciding how to respond to the residual risks, i.e. avoiding, reducing, sharing or simply accepting them and putting in place mechanisms to address them.

We believe that the price reference system is no longer fulfilling its regulatory role. The elasticity of the rice ranges proposed was such that its application did not enable the Fund to fulfil its institutional mission.

The SETTING THE RATES RIGHT experiment is a managerial decision taken by the top management of the National Social Insurance Fund, Cameroon (Caisse nationale de prévoyance sociale (CNPS)) in June 2008 to ensure serene management of the Fund's resources on behalf of social beneficiaries.

The investment philosophy of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan is to manage and develop the fund optimally by considering aspects of liquidity, solvency, prudence, security of the fund and adequate return. The investment philosophy is implemented by the following principles:
 

In setting limits for particular types of risk, the social security fund should consider its solvency position and its risk tolerance. Limits should be set after careful consideration of corporate objectives and circumstances, and should take into account the projected outcomes of scenarios run using a range of plausible future business assumptions.

Nevertheless in spite of the near across-the-board losses experienced by these funds, the approach and experience of the Labour Market Supplementary Pensions Institution (Arbejdsmarkedets Tillaegspension (ATP)) stands out as an exemplary model of good practice. The experience of the ATP demonstrates that the effect of financial crisis does not have to be as catastrophic as it might first appear.

In 2010, the city had a Gross domestic product (GDP) of 87 billion Chinese Yuan (CNY), achieving a growth rate of 13.4 per cent. The GDP per capita stood at CNY32,900.

The city has a large number of vulnerable groups, mostly laid-off and unemployed workers as a result of the restructuring of state enterprises launched around the turn of the century. To maintain their coverage in social insurance schemes has been a priority for the government's work agenda.

The General Organization for Social Insurance (GOSI) is the national authority to administer social insurance schemes for wage earning workers. GOSI had IT systems that were developed approximately 20 years ago. Also, service delivery problems, increasing administrative overheads, increasing difficulties in implementing apparently modest changes in the IT systems and anticipated changes in the schemes as mandated by law are pushing GOSI to go in for a new system using state-of-the-art technology that will be a solution to the above problems.

At the time of its inception, the scheme had accredited all government facilities. Later on, in 2004, the NHIF started to accredit faith based, NGO and private health facilities to bridge the gap on the supply side at the public health facilities that were initially accredited. Due to members' complaints about the inadequacy of medical services obtained from accredited medical facilities, the NHIF considered what improvements could be made to its medical services package.

This was one of the problems which led to estimated accumulated arrears in social contributions of nearly 600 billion francs between 1999 and 2000.

The economic crisis and the inefficiency of the unwieldy collection procedures which existed at that time were the main factors leading to this collapse. The financial equilibrium of the scheme was destroyed, and with it the confidence of the social partners.

The premium pension system has one of the world's most powerful discount models, giving pension savers the opportunity to save in UCITS-funds with substantially lower fund fees. This gives our pension savers an average 15-20% higher premium pension.

In 2015, the fund companies took out approximately 6.2 billion SEK in fees from our funds' shares. 4.2 billion SEK (67%) was paid back to the Swedish Pensions Agency and will be distributed back to the pension savers.