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Publications

International Social Security Review

Publications

International Social Security Review

First published in 1948, the International Social Security Review is the principal international quarterly publication in the field of social security.

Articles by leading social security experts present international comparisons and in-depth discussions of topical questions and studies of social security systems in different countries.

All articles published in English in the International Social Security Review since 1967 are available in full text on the Wiley Online Library platform. Once logged in, staff of ISSA member organizations can freely access the platform.

The full text of all articles is available in English. Articles published in 2007–2013 are also available in French, German and Spanish. Since 2014, abstracts and keywords are provided in English, Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish.

External users may subscribe to the platform, consult a free sample issue of the International Social Security Review online, or visit the Wiley Online Library to browse contents and abstracts of all issues. Abstracts of the issues since 2010 can be consulted and searched (filtered) below.

Abstracts

  • 261 results found

Contributions-financed cash benefits: Selected examples of tiered pension systems

Authors:
Marco Geraci

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 4

This article addresses the link between pensions and occupational earnings using the example of social security contributions in selected OECD countries. The rules of the pension schemes studied point towards a very strong link between occupational earnings and pension level. However, certain pension calculation methods, through pension calculation parameters or through the existence of tools to compensate for certain career discontinuities, may distort this link in the majority of the countries studied. Therefore, the examination of pension calculation parameters and of solidarity measures attached to retirement is necessary to provide a more finely-tuned evaluation of the link between occupational earnings and pension level. Ultimately, comparison of pension systems across countries remains challenging given their specificities.

Topics:
Old-age pensions
Keywords:
social security scheme
contributions
pension scheme
private pension scheme
occupational pension scheme

Social security contributions: Economic and public finance consideration

Authors:
Kees Goudswaard
Koen Caminada

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 4

Social security contributions make up around a fourth of total tax revenue in OECD countries. However, there are concerns on the economic effects of high levies on labour. Recent studies suggest that at least a third of taxes on labour are shifted onto employers, leading to higher wage costs. We find substantial evidence in the literature that the nature of social security contributions matters. With a clear connection between contributions and rights, the employee will perceive this contribution as a price and not as a tax. As a consequence, these contributions will be less distortive in terms of labour supply, wage costs and private savings.

Topics:
Employment
Keywords:
social security scheme
contributions
taxation
labour market
saving

The multidimensional adequacy of social insurance benefits and insurability

Authors:
Daniel Gottlieb

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 3

In this article the adequacy of social insurance benefits is addressed from the perspective of eight fundamental goals of social insurance. With respect to these goals, the legislated level of the benefit and other conditions represent tools to achieve adequate levels of benefits vis-à-vis contributory effort. The goals address income risks of various sorts: (i) income compensation; (ii) securing a decent standard of living; (iii) universality, implying simplicity and a high takeup of social rights; (iv) reducing income risk deriving from physical incapacity; (v) safeguarding insurability by balancing the expected payoff to the insured and the value of the contributions paid over the lifetime; (vi) intergenerational equity; (vii) containing work and savings disincentives; and (viii) risk reduction (prevention). A simple model serves to clarify what is needed to achieve benefit adequacy together with insurability and contribution adequacy. An example of income support in working age, based on Israeli data, illustrates the use of specific instruments to achieve a decent standard of living while containing economic disincentives. The example stresses the importance of synchronizing efforts with institutions outside the social insurance system.

Topics:
Social policies & programmes
Keywords:
social insurance
adequacy
benefits
contributions
insured persons rights
standard of living
Regions:
International

Introduction: Proceedings of the ISSA 2014 International Research Conference

Authors:
Daniel Gottlieb
Simon Brimblecombe
Ian Orton

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 3

The 2014 Research Conference of the International Social Security Association (ISSA), which offered a platform for discussion and analysis among social security administrators and academia, addressed issues concerning the adequacy and sustainability of social security. Core issues discussed were the definition and measurement of adequacy and the contribution of social security systems to social and economic development. Also addressed were "megatrends", including demographic ageing and climate change, and their impacts on social security systems. As an objective, the conference sought to evaluate the implications of these issues for social security administrations and, on the basis of national good practice and new research findings, to identify measures permitting future adaptation and innovation.

Topics:
Governance and administration
Demographic change
Shocks & extreme events
Keywords:
social security administration
social development
economic development
research
Regions:
International

A model for universal social security coverage: The experience of the BRICS countries

Authors:
Mridula Ghai

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 3

The BRICS countries have made important progress in extending social security coverage. However, much remains to be achieved to realize the goal of comprehensive universal social security protection. Using policy experiences from the BRICS, the article explores the possibility of drawing from existing models of social security provision to design effective policy interventions for universalizing social security. Main principles of a framework for bridging the coverage gap are identified. These principles are then placed in complimentary and supplementary relationships to develop a framework for policy interventions to bridge the social security coverage gap and achieve universal social security.

Topics:
Extension of coverage
Keywords:
coverage
model
social security administration
Countries:
Brazil
China
India
Russian Federation
South Africa

Supporting jobseekers: How unemployment benefits can help unemployed workers and strengthen job creation

Authors:
Ekkehard Ernst

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 3

The rapid rise in unemployment since 2008 caused by the global financial crisis has created renewed interest in the effects of well-designed unemployment benefit systems on the speed at which labour markets recover and job creation resumes. On the basis of a newly-created database on labour market flows, this article makes use of a micro-founded macroeconomic model to estimate different effects of active and passive labour market spending on employment growth and the state of public finances. It demonstrates, in particular, that for the average G20 country, spending on unemployment benefits yields employment gains both in the short term and long term that are superior to those observed for active labour market policies. Moreover, rather than tightening their budgets prematurely, G20 countries would have fared much better in accepting further deterioration in public finances stemming from higher spending on social transfers in order to stimulate faster employment growth, which would have led to a more rapid recovery in the state of public finances as well.

Topics:
Employment
Keywords:
unemployment
unemployment benefit
employment creation
Regions:
International

Benchmarking administrative expenditures of mandatory social security programmes

Authors:
Oleksiy Sluchynsky

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 3

This article offers a framework for the comparison and benchmarking of administrative expenditures of mandatory pension schemes as part of national social security provisions. It presents results of a quantitative analysis that builds on a framework developed around the extensive body of literature on both public and private pension programmes surveyed as part of this analysis. Our dataset includes over 100 observations and a broad set of explanatory variables. We developed and compared a number of standardized cost indices discussing their advantages and limitations. We also discuss major cost components and their shares in total programme costs. The regression analysis explains over 90 per cent of variation in administrative expenditures. It confirms some of the hypotheses expressed in the earlier studies and presents new evidence of driving factors for costs. We developed three different specifications for statistical analysis. The first set looks at the impact of design of a programme on total costs. The second group of specifications assesses differences in costs of managing pension liabilities between the public and private mandatory pension schemes. Finally, on the basis of the third model we generate benchmarks for staffing levels and for the total administrative expenditures, providing guidance for policy analysis and recommendations. Notably, the spread between low and high benchmark estimates for programmes of the same size and operating in the same economic environment can be four-fold and is driven by parameters of design and operation (for example, asset management function, in-house collection, or operation of special supplementary schemes). Therefore, inferences about the level of administrative expenditures should always be done keeping in mind the institutional context for each programme.

Topics:
Old-age pensions
Keywords:
administrative cost
social security administration
pension scheme
Regions:
International

Convergence or divergence? How the financial crisis affected European pensioners

Authors:
Aaron G. Grech

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 2

The Member States of the European Union entered the financial crisis with very different pension systems. Although the use of standard adequacy measures suggest small impacts from the crisis, alternative measures based on pension wealth estimates indicate stronger effects. While the largest continental systems were left relatively unscathed by the crisis, Mediterranean systems were cut back significantly. This should lead to considerable convergence in system generosity across countries. Despite the cuts, state pensions in the stressed economies should still be generous enough to keep the majority of pensioners out of relative poverty, but this depends on a relatively quick turnaround in labour market performance in these countries.

Topics:
Old-age pensions
Shocks & extreme events
Keywords:
old-age benefit
retirement
poverty
economic recession

Reforming against all odds: Multi-pillar pension systems in the Czech Republic and Romania

Authors:
Stefan Domonkos
Dragos Adascalitei

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 2

Attempts to replace pay-as-you-go pension schemes with private funded systems came to a halt in Central and Eastern Europe after 2005. However, more recently, the region has witnessed two belated reformers: the Czech Republic and Romania. Both countries decided to partially privatize pensions despite the rising tide of evidence concerning the challenges associated with the policy. We argue that while part of the domestic political elite remained supportive of private funded pensions, the difficulties experienced by earlier reformers and reduced support from International Financial Institutions led to the adoption of small funded pension pillars. Such cautious attempts at privatization might become more common in the future as large reforms have proven politically unsustainable.

Topics:
Old-age pensions
Keywords:
pension scheme
privatization
social security reform
Countries:
Czechia
Romania

Little cash to large households: Cash transfers and children’s care in disadvantaged families in Ghana

Authors:
Keetie Roelen
Emily Delap
Helen Karki Chettri

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 2

Social protection is widely considered to have a positive effect on children, including supporting improvements in nutritional, educational and health outcomes. Much less is known, however, about the impact of interventions on children's care. This article considers the impact of a social cash transfer targeted at poor households – Ghana's Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) programme – on child well-being, quality of care and preventing children's separation from their parents as perceived by programme and non-programme beneficiaries in a context of vulnerability, large households and widespread informal kinship care. Findings suggest that cash transfers can improve both material and non-material aspects of well-being and contribute to the quality of care and have the potential to prevent children's separation from their parents. At the same time, not all children appear to benefit equally, with non-biological children being disadvantaged. The combination of large household sizes with programme design and implementation challenges, including low transfer amounts, a cap on the maximum number of eligible household members and poor sensitization and follow-up, undermine the positive role that cash transfers can play.

Topics:
Family benefits
Social assistance
Keywords:
children
child care
cash benefit
household income
poverty
wellbeing
Countries:
Ghana

Longevity insurance annuities: China adopts a benefit innovation from the past

Authors:
Tianhong Chen
John A. Turner

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 2

Longevity insurance annuities are deferred annuities that begin payment at advanced older ages, such as at age 80. Such annuities would benefit some older retirees who have drawn down their savings, but the private sector has problems in providing them. Originally, social insurance old-age benefits programmes in some countries were structured as longevity insurance programmes, with 50 per cent or less of those entering the workforce surviving to receive the benefits. Over time, however, as life expectancy has improved, the benefits these programmes provide have slowly transformed into benefits that most people entering the workforce ultimately receive. This article argues that the reintroduction of longevity insurance benefits as part of social insurance old-age benefit programmes could be an important policy innovation, in particular because this benefit is generally not provided by the private sector. China has introduced longevity insurance benefits as part of its social insurance system, offering a model for other countries, particularly those providing modest social insurance old-age benefits.

Topics:
Old-age pensions
Keywords:
annuity
old age risk
old-age benefit
Countries:
China

A call for more elaborate and transparent pension data to inform policy-making: A critical examination of World Bank data for Eastern Europe

Authors:
Nikola Altiparmakov

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 2

This article offers a critical analysis of the methods by means of which data relating to the performance of second pillar pension schemes are collated, compared and reported. This is done with regard to the performance of mandatory private second pillar pension funds in Eastern Europe. By critically examining data published in a number of World Bank studies, and through the identification of data problems and irregularities, the article argues that a much more elaborate and transparent approach to the collation, comparative analysis and reporting of data is needed. Required is the establishment of a consensus regarding what should represent a robust basis for making credible policy recommendations, not least with regard to pension re-reforms in the countries of Eastern Europe and elsewhere. In the absence of such a consensus, unresolved data problems and irregularities may potentially continue to influence the formulation of incomplete national policy conclusions regarding the performance of second pillar pension funds and, in turn, the ability of policy-makers to evaluate appropriately the need for, and assess the feasibility of implementing in a sustainable manner, pension re-reform.

Topics:
Old-age pensions
Keywords:
old-age benefit
pension fund
social insurance
privatization

Nordic reforms to improve the labour market participation of vulnerable youth: An effective new approach?

Authors:
Bjørn Hvinden
Rune Halvorsen

Issue:
Volume 67 (2014), Issue 2

This article asks how the legitimacy (recognition or misrecognition) of "ethnicity" and "disability" influences public policies to promote the inclusion of young adults in the Nordic labour markets. The article assesses the case for seeing misrecognition and lack of accommodation as significant factors behind troubled transitions from school to work, and the case for regarding social regulation (or self-regulation) as important ways of preventing, counteracting and correcting exclusionary factors in the transition from school to work among the two groups. The article argues that increased attention at the implementation stage of the policy process is necessary to be able to assess whether seemingly novel or innovative regulatory policies and measures actually enhance equal opportunities.

Topics:
Disability
Employment
Employment of young workers
Migration
Keywords:
youth
disabled youth
migrant worker
employability
labour force participation
Countries:
Norway

Exploring the impact of employment policy measures in the context of crisis: The case of Greece

Authors:
Constantine Dimoulas

Issue:
Volume 67 (2014), Issue 2

The article addresses the economic, social and political dimensions of the Greek work-welfare nexus in the context of the recent financial crisis. Explaining the main social protection and activation measures before and during the crisis (a reduction in salaries and in the purchasing power of employees partnered with unemployment benefits, contribution subsidies for employers, training and work-practice vouchers, and fixed-term quasi-employment in community services), analysis is offered of the impacts of these. The article concludes that employment measures in Greece are not only residual and inadequate to meet the needs of the unemployed but have not curbed rising unemployment rates.

Topics:
Employment
Social policies & programmes
Shocks & extreme events
Keywords:
employment
unemployment
social policy
economic recession
Countries:
Greece

Networking the unemployed: Can policy interventions facilitate access to employment through informal channels?

Authors:
Giuliano Bonoli

Issue:
Volume 67 (2014), Issue 2

It is widely known that informal contacts and networks constitute a major advantage when searching for a job. Unemployed people are likely to benefit from such informal contacts, but building and sustaining a network can be particularly difficult when out of employment. Interventions that allow unemployed people to effectively strengthen their networking capability could as a result be promising. Against this background, this article provides some hints in relation to the direction that such interventions could take. First, on the basis of data collected on a sample of 4,600 newly-unemployed people in the Swiss Canton of Vaud, it looks at the factors that influence jobseekers' decisions to turn to informal contacts for their job search. The article shows that many unemployed people are not making use of their network because they are unaware of the importance of this method. Second, it presents an impact analysis of an innovative intervention designed to raise awareness of the importance of networks which is tested in a randomized controlled trial setting.

Topics:
Employment
Keywords:
unemployed
social security planning
employment policy
data analysis
Countries:
Switzerland

Policy innovations for including disabled people in the labour market: A study of innovative practices of Dutch sheltered work companies

Authors:
Menno Fenger
Lieske van der Torre

Issue:
Volume 67 (2014), Issue 2

In its disability strategy, the European Union has expressed the central aim to improve the employment situation of people with disabilities. This article discusses Dutch policies, but specifically the Sheltered Work Act which contributes to this aim by regulating sheltered employment. The goal is to identify and explore innovative practices that have been applied by Dutch sheltered work companies for increasing the inclusion of disabled people in the regular labour market. The article reveals that the Netherlands has implemented a range of initiatives which together have resulted in an increase of non-sheltered jobs for disabled people. The article argues that the simple "sheltered/non-sheltered" dichotomy does not do justice to the gradual evolution of labour participation among individual disabled people and that the role of sheltered work places as a first step to the inclusion of disabled people should not be underestimated.

Topics:
Disability
Employment
Keywords:
disabled worker
sheltered employment
labour force participation
Countries:
Netherlands

Innovating job activation by involving employers

Authors:
Paul van der Aa
Rik van Berkel

Issue:
Volume 67 (2014), Issue 2

This article explores the nature of innovative employer-oriented activation policies, which aim to influence employers' willingness to hire or possibly train and guide the unemployed. These policies may focus on responsibilities with regards to activation, which offer services to employers or provide incentives to influence employers' involvement. Employers may take up a role as client or as co-producer during policy implementation. Qualitative empirical data from two Dutch cities show that employers have diverse motives to become involved: to hire new workers, to lower costs or to enact social responsibility. Actual practice shows mixed results in terms of labour market participation and employer satisfaction. It appears that the active involvement of employers as co-producers increases their willingness to be more flexible concerning their demands and leads to greater satisfaction with outcomes. The consequences of this model for the governance of activation policy are discussed.

Topics:
Employment
Keywords:
promotion of employment
employers participation
governance
Countries:
Netherlands

Expanding economic protection to the elderly in Latin America

Authors:
Evelyn Vezza
Ignacio Apella
Rafael Rofman

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 1

This article addresses the reforms introduced in Latin American pension systems that had the aim of increasing coverage beyond formal-sector workers. For this purpose, fourteen representative regional experiences are analysed using a taxonomy based on features of the cases examined in terms of design, implementation and results. The findings show that, although the reforms share the goal of expanding coverage, there are significant differences deriving from the context in which they were originally designed, their goals, and the capacity available to implement them. The results are not homogeneous, and it is possible to identify some aspects in which policy decisions can lead to better or worse results.

Topics:
Old-age pensions
Extension of coverage
Keywords:
old-age benefit
social security administration
social insurance
non‐contributory scheme
gaps in coverage

How portable is social security for migrant workers? A review of the literature

Authors:
Karin Astrid Siegmann
Mahmood Messkoub
Nurulsyahirah Taha

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 1

This article reviews the recent literature on existing mechanisms that allow for the portability of social security entitlements for migrant workers and finds that North–North migrants have the best access to portability. There is limited coordination between origin and destination countries regarding the portability of social entitlements of South–North migrants. These migrants are dealing with discourses and policies that treat them as second class citizens, even as they are providing much-needed labour to their host countries. South–South migrants are seeing new regional mechanisms addressing portability. However, many of the impacts of these mechanisms are not yet known. Other knowledge gaps on portability relate to internal and South–South migration, the role of gender and other social identities, migrants' occupations as well as their legal immigration status.

Topics:
Migration
Keywords:
scope of coverage
migrant worker
social security agreement
Regions:
International

Disability benefit reform in Great Britain from the perspective of the United States

Authors:
Zachary A. Morris

Issue:
Volume 68 (2015), Issue 1

In 2008, Great Britain overhauled its disability benefit programme by introducing a new disability determination process called the Work Capability Assessment and a new earnings replacement programme called Employment and Support Allowance. This article examines the British reforms from the perspective of the United States, which may consider changes to its disability benefit programme, the Social Security Disability Insurance programme, in the near future. The article provides an overview of the steps leading to the reform in Great Britain, details how the new programme operates, reviews research on its initial implementation and effects, and identifies lessons for the potential reform of the disability benefit programme in the United States.

Topics:
Disability
Return to work
Keywords:
disability benefit
claim procedure
residual work capacity
social security reform
Countries:
United Kingdom
United States of America

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Filters

Topic ( 22 )
    • Actuarial (20)
    • Contribution collection and compliance (4)
    • Demographic change (18)
      • Long-term care (11)
      • Population ageing (5)
    • Digital economy (1)
    • Disability (14)
    • Employment (42)
      • Employment of young workers (4)
      • Employment policies (9)
    • Error, evasion and fraud (1)
    • Extension of coverage (39)
    • Family benefits (10)
      • Children (2)
      • Housing (1)
    • Governance and administration (29)
      • Human resource management (1)
    • Health (33)
      • Health Insurance (3)
      • Medical care (2)
    • Information and communication technology (5)
    • Investment (5)
    • ISSA institution (1)
    • Maternity (1)
    • Migration (10)
    • Mutual benefit societies (1)
    • Occupational accidents and diseases (8)
      • Return to work (2)
      • Safety and health at work (1)
    • Old-age pensions (89)
      • Survivors (3)
    • Shocks & extreme events (14)
      • COVID-19 (2)
    • Social assistance (18)
      • Social protection floor (11)
    • Social policies & programmes (84)
      • Financing (6)
      • Policy analysis (1)
Region ( 5 )
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      • Southern Africa
    • Americas
    • Asia and Pacific
      • East Asia
      • South Asia
    • Europe
    • International
Country ( 84 )
    • Argentina (8)
    • Austria (2)
    • Belgium (2)
    • Belize (1)
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    • Brazil (7)
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    • Poland (3)
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Year ( 14 )
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    • 2014 (24)
    • 2013 (18)
    • 2012 (20)
    • 2011 (21)
    • 2010 (12)
    • 2009 (9)
Issue ( 48 )
    • Volume 76 (2023), Issue 1
    • Volume 75 (2022), Issue 3-4 (Special issue)
    • Volume 75 (2022), Issue 2
    • Volume 75 (2022), Issue 1
    • Volume 74 (2021), Issue 3-4 (Special issue)
    • Volume 74 (2021), Issue 2
    • Volume 74 (2021), Issue 1
    • Volume 73 (2020), Issue 4
    • Volume 73 (2020), Issue 3 (Special issue)
    • Volume 73 (2020), Issue 2
    • Volume 73 (2020), Issue 1
    • Volume 72 (2019), Issue 4
    • Volume 72 (2019), Issue 3
    • Volume 72 (2019), Issue 2
    • Volume 72 (2019), Issue 1
    • Volume 71 (2018), Issue 4
    • Volume 71 (2018), Issue 3
    • Volume 71 (2018), Issue 2
    • Volume 71 (2018), Issue 1
    • Volume 70 (2017), Issue 4
    • Volume 70 (2017), Issue 3
    • Volume 70 (2017), Issue 2
    • Volume 70 (2017), Issue 1
    • Volume 69 (2016), Issue 3-4
    • Volume 69 (2016), Issue 2
    • Volume 69 (2016), Issue 1
    • Volume 68 (2015), Issue 4
    • Volume 68 (2015), Issue 3
    • Volume 68 (2015), Issue 2
    • Volume 68 (2015), Issue 1
    • Volume 67 (2014), Issue 3-4
    • Volume 67 (2014), Issue 2
    • Volume 67 (2014), Issue 1
    • Volume 66 (2013), Issue 3-4
    • Volume 66 (2013), Issue 2
    • Volume 66 (2013), Issue 1
    • Volume 65 (2012), Issue 4
    • Volume 65 (2012), Issue 3
    • Volume 65 (2012), Issue 2
    • Volume 65 (2012), Issue 1
    • Volume 64 (2011), Issue 4
    • Volume 64 (2011), Issue 3
    • Volume 64 (2011), Issue 2
    • Volume 64 (2011), Issue 1
    • Volume 63 (2010), Issue 3-4
    • Volume 63 (2010), Issue 2
    • Volume 63 (2010), Issue 1
    • Volume 62 (2009), Issue 4
Author ( 439 )
    • Aaron G. Grech
    • Aart-Jan Riekhoff
    • Achim Schmid
    • Adama Faye
    • Adem Y. Elveren
    • Adrian Sinfield
    • Ai Ju Shao
    • Ajay Mahal
    • Alain Euzéby
    • Alberto R. Musalem
    • Alena Auchynnikava
    • Alex Cheung
    • Anahí Sosa
    • Ana Llena-Nozal
    • Ana Sojo
    • András Simonovits
    • Andres Võrk
    • Andrew Mason
    • Angela Greulich
    • Anita Strockmeijer
    • Anna Maria Badini Confalonieri
    • Anna McCord
    • Anna Metteri
    • Anne-Sylvie Dupont
    • Anne Drouin
    • Anne Marie Cullen
    • Annemiek van Vuren
    • Anne W. Kamau
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