Risk management is the process of identifying, analysing, accepting, mitigating or transferring uncertainty in investment decisions. Fund managers apply risk management by analysing and attempting to quantify the potential loss of an investment and then acting accordingly.

Institutions are being transformed thanks to the integration of new technologies. This vision represents a corporate change with a social impact, reducing costs, simplifying processes and procedures, and raising awareness of the importance and benefits of this transformation.

Article 12 of Law No. 5508 on the Promotion, Protection of Maternity and Support for Breastfeeding establishes that maternity allowance should be paid to employed women by the social security scheme of Paraguay’s Social Insurance Institute (Instituto de Previsión Social – IPS). This amount is equivalent to 100 per cent of her salary at the time of delivery, and is paid for the prescribed months of rest. This used to be given to women in a single payment.

The State Social Insurance Agency (SSIA) of Latvia has introduced a new e-service “SSIA information and services” (hereinafter dashboard) in August 2022, which is available on the unified state and local government service portal www.latvija.gov.lv.

The issue of population growth and social security planning is one of the biggest challenges facing governments today, and is a key part of a good social security system that instils confidence in its members.

The Retirement and Pension Fund for Employees of Banks and Related Institutions (Caja de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de Empleados de Bancos y Afines) (Bank Fund, hereinafter) is in constant communication with its members. It therefore continuously updates its databases, in order to have a better understanding of members’ current realities, experiences and needs.

The analysis of results recorded by the Tunisian National Social Security Fund (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS), which was created in December 1960 to tackle numerous challenges (ensuring universal social coverage, restoring financial equilibrium, and securing the continuity of systems), exposes discrepancies between the achieved and expected results.

Digital transformation is happening in institutions through the integration of new technologies. This vision represents an institutional and social change, optimizing available resources, reducing costs, shortening processes and procedures, and raising awareness of the importance and benefits of this transformation.

Setting up managed entry agreements for innovative medicines is a step forward in Improving access to innovative and costly medicines. They give the Tunisian National Health Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale d’assurance maladie – CNAM) considerable leverage to negotiate with pharmaceutical laboratories to ensure access for the maximum number of people eligible for the treatment, whilst also guaranteeing the budgetary sustainability of the system.

Good practice in health – service quality.

As health-care systems have evolved to become more complex and due to the resultant increase in patients coming to harm in health care settings, patient safety has emerged as a health-care discipline.

The Actuarial Advisory Office (Asesoría Actuarial) of the Social Insurance Institute (Instituto de Previsión Social – IPS) carried out an actuarial valuation of the Common Retirement and Pension Fund (Fondo Común de Jubilaciones y Pensiones). The valuation looks to comply with international best practices and observe the guidelines and standards of the International Standards of Actuarial Practice 2 (ISAP 2), and the ISSA-ILO Guidelines on Actuarial Work for Social Security, with technical support from the International Labour Organization (ILO).

E-CNAM is a secure responsive web platform that aims to facilitate online access to the various services provided by Tunisia’s National Health Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale d’assurance maladie – CNAM) by taking a bottom-up approach. This has enabled the implementation and integration of functionalities relating to CNAM benefits via a package of quality digital services tailored to each type of user (with a space for social security beneficiaries and another for health-care providers), and it has consequently enabled these users’ needs to be met.

Like most of the world’s countries, Paraguay has adopted lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. These steps taken by the government have impacted the productive sector, leading to mass suspensions of employment contracts for persons insured with the Social Insurance Institute (Instituto de Previsión Social – IPS) of Paraguay.

Paraguay’s Social Insurance Institute (Instituto de Previsión de Social – IPS) used to make sick leave payments at its administrative offices, which had associated administrative costs and meant beneficiaries had to visit the IPS service counter in person.

The aim of the e-assistant is to create equal access to state and municipal services for all social groups, enabling everyone to receive services electronically. An e-assistant is an employee of the Local Government Unified Customer Service Centre (Service Centre), to whom the client entrusts to apply for the Latvian State Social Insurance Agency (SSIA) service in his/her own name.

In the context of its fight against fraud and social security evasion, Tunisia’s National Social Security Fund (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS) launched, in April 2019, an IT system enabling the end-to-end automation of the controls process from data collection and the targeting of fraud to the exercising of monitoring tasks and processing of results.

With a view to extending social security coverage to rural women working in agriculture, Tunisia’s National Social Security Fund (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS) launched a pilot project in July 2019 entitled “Protège-moi” (Protect Me) in conjunction with the ministries of Social Affairs, Women, Agriculture and Communication Technologies; a telecommunications provider (TT); and a private tech start-up.

Tunisia’s National Social Security Fund (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS) was founded in 1960 and manages eight social security schemes made up of more than 2.3 million insured parties, 140,000 employees and 800,000 pensioners. Like any agency operating in this field, the CNSS strategy is based around three primary objectives:

In September 2018, the State Social Insurance Agency (SSIA) in cooperation with the State Revenue Service (SRS) sent personalized letters to a group of people aged 18–42 using the SRS electronic declaration system (EDS). The letters contained information on each person's salary from which were made contributions in the previous year, as well as information on the length of social insurance and the retirement capital. The letters were followed with an information campaign. Based on its success, the SSIA plans to repeat the initiative.  

In 2016, Tunisia’s National Social Security Fund (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS) embarked on a digital transformation of its information system (SI-CNSS). This transformation, inspired by the ISSA Guidelines, breaks down into two phases:

The services of the National Social Security Fund (Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale – CNSS) interact with each other and with other institutions, contributors and insured persons. They exchange data, which are either provided or used by the CNSS information system. These exchanges create standardization and security problems. In light of this, the CNSS has created a computer-based tool that generates automatically and on demand generic, standard and secure Web services in the implementation of its various roles in these exchanges.

Tunisia’s National Health Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale d’assurance maladie – CNAM) was founded in 2004 as part of the country’s health insurance reforms. The collection of compulsory health insurance scheme contributions from public sector workers fell to the National Pension and Social Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de retraite et de prévoyance sociale – CNRPS). The methods and procedures by which these contributions were then transferred to the CNAM were set out in an agreement between the two funds.

The National Social Security Fund of Tunisia (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS) is a social security body covering the public service and managing eight schemes with a total of more than 2,250,000 insured members, 135,000 employees, and 690,000 pensioners. It embarked on a reform and modernization of its information system. The reform drew on ISSA Guidelines and involved three specific projects:

The objectives of the National Health Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale d'assurance sociale (CNAM)) are expenditure control and improving the quality of care. Electronic transmission requirements and medical control prerogatives have made it necessary for the CNAM to invest in the automated processing of medical claim forms.

The main objective is the establishment of a decision-support system with a medical knowledge base which would take into account the specificities of each medical claim form.

The Tunisian National Social Security Fund (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS) is a public entity that manages private sector social security and has six policlinics (day clinics) across Tunisia: two in Grand Tunis, and one in Bizerte, Sousse, Sfax and Gafsa (Métlaoui) respectively. These policlinics are made up of medical units, laboratories, pharmacies, and haemodialysis units.

As part of its quality approach, which promotes remote contact, and after developing its own interactive Internet site (www.cnam.nat.tn) and customer service by freephone, the National Health Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale d'assurance maladie (CNAM)) launched a new, free messaging service in September 2013: SMS CNAM.

This service communicates useful information to insured persons and the health professionals involved in the handling of their files, as well as messaging alerts and any other information about preventive measures.

This objective of the system, which is based on electronic data interchange with employers, is to bring revenue under control and to produce a real administrative record for insured persons. Through this system, the Fund will be able to monitor the employment record of insured persons and assess their entitlements transparently and accurately.

Information is easily available: it facilitates people's interest in their social insurance situation and understanding of social security benefits.

Tunisia’s National Social Security Fund (Caisse nationale de sécurité sociale – CNSS) is a public company charged with managing social security schemes in the private sector. It comprises a network of 51 regional and local offices, a branch office, six policlinics and an orthopaedic fitting centre. It has three objectives:

With a view to automating the operations involved in managing the files of insured persons, facilitating collaboration between the various services and shifting its business processes to an electronic system, the National Pension and Social Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de retraite et de prévoyance sociale (CNRPS) decided to digitize all the records of insured persons (existing and new files), store them in an electronic records management system and implement personalized workflows adapted to the business logic.

The necessary preliminary steps have been taken to obtain the ISO 9000/2001 certificate i.e.:

- the support of the General Administration
- making the management and administrative staff of the fund aware of the effectiveness of the quality programme
- staff training and motivation.

The objectives of the programme are to improve the quality of the services provided, to harmonize procedures, to modernize the infrastructure and to foster the development of a quality culture within the fund based on an up-to-date and secure information technology system.