Unemployment, informal employment and low pension coverage have been recurrent problems in Colombia. According to a study carried out in 2023 by Colombia’s National Statistics Institute (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística – DANE, 2023), some 57.9 per cent of the country’s population is in informal employment, and a little over half of these people earn less than the minimum wage.

The PRO.CRE.AR. Fund was created in 2012 to address the housing needs of citizens, taking into account the different family socio-economic conditions. The State has taken two approaches: housing construction projects and public resource mobilization into a mortgage loan programme.

Through this Programme, economic activity is also boosted thanks to the housing construction incentive, which benefits the economy as a whole, not only in terms of production, but also employment and domestic consumption.

This system is used by economic agents to submit online declarations concerning the calculation and use of the social insurance contributions as well as the individual social insurance declarations. It also allows them to receive confirmation of acceptance of the submissions by the National Office of Social Insurance (NOSI), using minimal resources, both financial and human.

A series of reforms has been implemented since 2008 to bring the National Social Insurance Fund (Caisse nationale de prévoyance sociale (CNPS)) of Cameroon up to international standards in an effort to incorporate the best management practices of social security organizations, with a view to guaranteeing not only the sustainability of the Fund, but also rigorous, efficient and exemplary management in all respects. To ensure this and guarantee a high level of performance over the long-term, it has been necessary to train the organization's managers in the profess

By Decree No. 246/11, in December 2011, the national Government implemented a credit programme for retirees and pensioners called ARGENTA. This allows seniors to obtain loans that are repaid in 12, 24 or 40 instalments at the lowest market rates: the Total Annual Effective Financial Cost ranges from 31 to 35 per cent according to the number of instalments.

In 2012, the Social Benefits Department of Costa Rica’s Pension and Retirement Board of the National Teachers’ Union (Junta de Pensiones y Jubilaciones del Magisterio Nacional – JUPEMA) created a training guide entitled “A guide to ageing, well-being and awareness through a rights-based approach”. This gave rise to a school awareness programme that has been promoted in different provinces of the country, with the aim of creating a space for participation and community work.